Electrical Stimulation

TENS stands for "transcutaneous electro-neural stimulation," or running electricity through the nerves in your skin. It is a proven technology for controlling chronic pain.

CES stands for "cranial electrical (or electronic) stimulation," or running electricity through your head. In some cases, the frequencies are quite low, using small A/C pulses at brainwave frequencies. In other cases, high frequencies or white-noise random signal generators are used. At least one of these devices, the Alpha-Stim 100, is US FDA approved for prescription for the treatment of chronic pain.